rijk/verdrag/verdrag-tussen-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden-en-de-kirgizische-republiek-tot-he/BWBV0007023

titel	bwb_id	type	status	datum_inwerkingtreding	bron	citeertitel
Verdrag tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en de Kirgizische Republiek tot het vermijden van dubbele belasting met betrekking tot belastingen naar het inkomen en het voorkomen van het ontduiken en ontwijken van belasting	BWBV0007023	verdrag	geldend	2025-01-01	https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBV0007023	Verdrag tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en de Kirgizische Republiek tot het vermijden van dubbele belasting met betrekking tot belastingen naar het inkomen en het voorkomen van het ontduiken en ontwijken van belasting

Verdrag tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en de Kirgizische Republiek tot het vermijden van dubbele belasting met betrekking tot belastingen naar het inkomen en het voorkomen van het ontduiken en ontwijken van belasting

Hoofdstuk I. SCOPE OF THE AGREEMENT

Artikel 1

This Agreement shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

Artikel 2

1. This Agreement shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.

2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.

3.

The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall apply are in particular:

a) a) in the Kyrgyz Republic:

        –
        tax on profits and income of legal persons; and
      
      
        –
        income tax on individuals;
      
    
    (hereinafter referred to as “Kyrgyz tax”);

– – tax on profits and income of legal persons; and – – income tax on individuals; b) b) in the Netherlands:

        –
        the income tax *(de inkomstenbelasting)*;
      
      
        –
        the wages tax *(de loonbelasting)*;
      
      
        –
        the company tax *(de vennootschapsbelasting)*, including the Government share in the net profits of the exploitation of natural resources levied pursuant to the Mining Act *(de Mijnbouwwet)*;
      
      
        –
        the dividend tax *(de dividendbelasting)*;
      
      
        –
        the withholding tax *(de bronbelasting);*
      
    
    (hereinafter referred to as “Netherlands tax”).

– – the income tax (de inkomstenbelasting); – – the wages tax (de loonbelasting); – – the company tax (de vennootschapsbelasting), including the Government share in the net profits of the exploitation of natural resources levied pursuant to the Mining Act (de Mijnbouwwet); – – the dividend tax (de dividendbelasting); – – the withholding tax (de bronbelasting);

4. The Agreement shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes that are imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any significant changes that have been made in their taxation laws.

Hoofdstuk II. DEFINITIONS

Artikel 3

1.

For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:

a) a) the terms “a Contracting State” and ”the other Contracting State” mean the Kyrgyz Republic and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in respect of the Netherlands, as the context requires; b) b) the term “Kyrgyzstan” means the Kyrgyz Republic. When used in geographical terms the term “Kyrgyzstan” means the territory on which the Kyrgyz Republic carries out sovereign rights and jurisdiction in accordance with international law and in which the taxation laws of the Kyrgyz Republic are in force; c) c) the term “the Netherlands” means the part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands that is situated in Europe, including its territorial sea, and any area beyond the territorial sea within which the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in accordance with international law, exercises jurisdiction or sovereign rights with respect to the sea bed, its sub-soil and its superjacent waters, and their natural resources; d) d) the term “person” includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons; e) e) the term “company” means any body corporate or any entity that is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes; f) f) the terms “enterprise of a Contracting State” and “enterprise of the other Contracting State” mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State; g) g) the term “international traffic” means any transport by a ship or aircraft, or road vehicle operated by an enterprise of the Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft or road vehicle is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State; h) h) the term “national” means:

        (i)
        in the case of Kyrgyzstan, any individual possessing the nationality of Kyrgyzstan and any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in Kyrgyzstan;
      
      
        (ii)
        in the case of the Netherlands, any individual possessing the nationality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in the Netherlands;

(i) (i) in the case of Kyrgyzstan, any individual possessing the nationality of Kyrgyzstan and any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in Kyrgyzstan; (ii) (ii) in the case of the Netherlands, any individual possessing the nationality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in the Netherlands; i) i) the term “competent authority” means:

        (i)
        in the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Economy or its authorised representative;
      
      
        (ii)
        in the Netherlands, the Minister of Finance or his authorised representative.

(i) (i) in the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Economy or its authorised representative; (ii) (ii) in the Netherlands, the Minister of Finance or his authorised representative.

2. As regards the application of the Agreement at any time by a Contracting State any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Agreement applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.

Artikel 4

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “resident of a Contracting State” means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State, and any political or administrative subdivision or local authority thereof. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State.

2.

Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:

a) a) he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests); b) b) if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has an habitual abode; c) c) if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which he is a national; d) d) if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.

3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.

Artikel 5

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “permanent establishment” means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.

2.

The term “permanent establishment” includes especially:

a) a) a place of management; b) b) a branch; c) c) an office; d) d) a factory; e) e) a workshop; f) f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources; g) g) an agricultural, pastoral or forestry property.

3.

The term “permanent establishment” likewise encompasses:

a) a) a building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, but only where such site, project or activities continue for a period of more than twelve months; b) b) the furnishing of services, including consultancy services, by an enterprise through employees or other personnel engaged by the enterprise for such purpose, but only where activities of that nature continue (for the same or a connected project) within a Contracting State for a period or periods aggregating more than nine months within any twelve month period.

4.

Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to include:

a) a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise; b) b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery; c) c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise; d) d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise; e) e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character, such as advertising or scientific research; f) f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in subparagraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.

5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person – other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies – is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.

6. An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.

7. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.

Hoofdstuk III. TAXATION OF INCOME

Artikel 6

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. The term “immovable property” shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships, aircraft, and road vehicles shall not be regarded as immovable property.

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.

Artikel 7

1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.

2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.

3. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.

4. Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles contained in this Article.

5. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.

6. For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.

7. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Agreement, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.

Artikel 8

1. Profits derived by an enterprise of a Contracting State from the operation of ships, aircraft or road vehicles in international traffic shall be taxable only in that State.

2.

For the purposes of this Article, profits derived from the operation in international traffic of ships, aircraft or road vehicles include:

a) a) profits derived from the rental on a bare boat basis of ships, aircraft or road vehicles if operated in international traffic; b) b) profits derived from the use or rental of containers (including trailers and related equipment for the transport of containers) used in international traffic;

if such profits are incidental to the profits described in paragraph 1.

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.

Artikel 9

1.

Where

a) a) an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or b) b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State, and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly. It is understood, however, that the fact that associated enterprises have concluded arrangements, such as cost sharing arrangements or general services agreements, for or based on the allocation of executive, general administrative, technical and commercial expenses, research and development expenses and other similar expenses, is not in itself a condition as meant in the preceding sentence.

2. Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State – and taxes accordingly – profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits where that other State considers the adjustment justified. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Agreement and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.

Artikel 10

1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2.

However, dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State may also be taxed in that State according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed:

a) a) 5 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which holds directly at least 25 per cent of the capital of the company paying the dividends; b) b) 15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends in all other cases. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of these limitations. This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

3. The term “dividends” as used in this Article means income from shares, “jouissance” shares or “jouissance” rights, mining shares, founders’ shares or other rights, not being debt claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1, and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State, of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.

6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1, 2, and 5, dividends paid by a company which under the laws of a Contracting State is a resident of that State, to an individual who is a resident of the other Contracting State and who upon ceasing to be a resident of the first-mentioned State is taxed on the appreciation of capital as meant in paragraph 5 of Article 13, may also be taxed in that State in accordance with the laws of that State, but only insofar as the assessment on the appreciation of capital is still outstanding.

Artikel 11

1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. However, interest arising in a Contracting State may also be taxed in that State according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 5 per cent of the gross amount of the interest. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this paragraph and of paragraph 3.

3.

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, any such interest as is mentioned in paragraph 1, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the recipient is a resident, if such recipient is the beneficial owner of the interest and if one of the following requirements is fulfilled:

(i) (i) the payer or the recipient of the interest is the Government of a Contracting State itself, a state body, a political or administrative subdivision or local authority thereof or the central bank of a Contracting State; (ii) (ii) the interest is paid in connection with a loan granted, approved, guaranteed, or insured by the Government of a Contracting State, the central bank of a Contracting State, or any agency or instrumentality (including a financial institution) owned or controlled by the Government of a Contracting State; (iii) (iii) the interest is paid in connection with the sale on credit of any industrial, commercial or scientific equipment; (iv) (iv) the interest is paid in connection with the sale on credit of any merchandise by one enterprise to another enterprise.

4. The term “interest” as used in this Article means income from debt claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article.

5. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises through a permanent establishment situated therein or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the interest was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

Artikel 12

1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. However, royalties arising in a Contracting State may also be taxed in that State according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the royalties is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 5 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this paragraph.

3. The term “royalties” as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.

4. The provisions of paragraph 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.

6. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

Artikel 13

1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in that other State.

3. Gains of an enterprise of a Contracting State from the alienation of ships, aircraft or road vehicles operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships, aircraft or road vehicles shall be taxable only in that State.

4. Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.

5. Where an individual has been a resident of a Contracting State and has become a resident of the other Contracting State, the provisions of paragraph 4 shall not prevent the first-mentioned State from taxing under its domestic law the capital appreciation of shares, profit sharing certificates, call options and usufruct on shares and profit sharing certificates, in and debt-claims on a company for the period of residency of that individual in the first-mentioned State. In such case, the appreciation of capital taxed in the first-mentioned State shall not be included in the tax base when determining the appreciation of capital by the other State.

Artikel 14

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State unless he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities. If he has such a fixed base, the income may be taxed in the other State but only so much of it as is attributable to that fixed base.

2. The term “professional services” includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.

Artikel 15

1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 16, 18 and 19, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.

2.

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:

a) a) the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned, and b) b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State, and c) c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.

3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship, aircraft or road vehicle operated in international traffic, shall be taxable only in that State.

Artikel 16

Directors’ fees or other remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors, a “bestuurder” or a “commissaris” of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

Artikel 17

1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsperson, from that resident’s personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.

2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsperson acting as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsperson but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsperson are exercised.

3. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from activities exercised in the other Contracting State if the visit to that other State is wholly or mainly supported by state funds of one or both of the Contracting States or political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities thereof, or takes place under a cultural agreement between the Contracting States. In such a case, the income shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the entertainer or sportsperson is a resident.

Artikel 18

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 19, pensions and other similar remuneration paid in consideration of past employment, any pension or other payment paid out under the provisions of a social security system, annuities as well as any lump-sum payment in lieu of the aforementioned pensions, payments or annuities, derived from a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State, shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State.

2. A pension or other similar remuneration or annuity is deemed to be derived from a Contracting State if and insofar as the contributions or payments associated with the pension or other similar remuneration, annuity or any lump-sum referred to in paragraph 1 qualified for tax relief in that State. The transfer of a pension from a pension fund or an insurance company in a Contracting State to a pension fund or an insurance company in another State will not restrict in any way the taxing rights of the first-mentioned State under this Article.

Artikel 19

1. a) a) Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State. b) b) However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:

        (i)
        is a national of that State; or
      
      
        (ii)
        did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.

(i) (i) is a national of that State; or (ii) (ii) did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.

2. a) a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State. b) b) However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.

3. The provisions of Articles 15, 16, 17 and 18, shall apply to salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, and to pensions, in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof.

Artikel 20

Payments which a student, an apprentice or trainee, who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.

Artikel 21

1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement shall be taxable only in that State.

2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

Hoofdstuk IV. ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION

Artikel 22

1. Where a resident of Kyrgyzstan derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed or shall be taxable only in the Netherlands, Kyrgyzstan shall allow as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident, an amount equal to the income tax paid in the Netherlands. Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax as computed before the deduction is given which is attributable to the income which may be taxed or shall be taxable only in that other State.

2. Where in accordance with any provision of the Agreement income derived by a resident of Kyrgyzstan is exempt from tax in that State, Kyrgyzstan may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such resident, take into account the exempted income.

3. The Netherlands, when imposing tax on its residents, may include in the basis upon which such taxes are imposed the items of income which, according to the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed or shall be taxable only in Kyrgyzstan.

4. However, where a resident of the Netherlands derives items of income which according to paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 of Article 6, paragraph 1 of Article 7, paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 8, paragraph 4 of Article 10, paragraph 5 of Article 11, paragraph 4 of Article 12, paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 13, paragraph 1 of Article 14, paragraph 1 of Article 15, paragraph 1 of Article 18, paragraphs 1 (subparagraph a) and 2 (subparagraph a) of Article 19 and paragraph 2 of Article 21 of this Agreement may be taxed or shall be taxable only in Kyrgyzstan and are included in the basis referred to in paragraph 3, the Netherlands shall exempt such items of income by allowing a reduction of its tax. This reduction shall be computed in conformity with the provisions of Netherlands law for the avoidance of double taxation. For that purpose the said items of income shall be deemed to be included in the amount of the items of income which are exempt from Netherlands tax under those provisions.

5.

Further, the Netherlands shall allow a deduction from the Netherlands tax so computed for the items of income which according to paragraphs 2 and 6 of Article 10, paragraph 2 of Article 11, paragraph 2 of Article 12, paragraph 5 of Article 13, Article 16 and paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 17 of this Agreement may be taxed in Kyrgyzstan to the extent that these items are included in the basis referred to in paragraph 3.

The amount of this deduction shall be equal to the tax paid in Kyrgyzstan on these items of income, but shall, in case the provisions of the Netherlands law for the avoidance of double taxation provides so, not exceed the amount of the reduction which would be allowed if the items of income so included were the sole items of income which are exempt from Netherlands tax under the provisions of Netherlands law for the avoidance of double taxation.

This paragraph shall not restrict allowance now or hereafter accorded by the provisions of the Netherlands law for the avoidance of double taxation, but only as far as the calculation of the amount of the reduction of Netherlands tax is concerned with respect to the aggregate of income from more than one country.

6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 4, the Netherlands shall allow a deduction from the Netherlands tax for the tax paid in Kyrgyzstan on items of income which according to paragraph 1 of Article 7, paragraph 4 of Article 10, paragraph 5 of Article 11, paragraph 4 of Article 12, paragraph 1 of Article 14 and paragraph 2 of Article 21 of this Agreement may be taxed in Kyrgyzstan to the extent that these items are included in the basis referred to in paragraph 3, if and insofar as the Netherlands under the provisions of Netherlands law for the avoidance of double taxation allows a deduction from the Netherlands tax of the tax levied in another country on such items of income. For the computation of this deduction the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article shall apply accordingly.

Artikel 23

1. Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

2. Stateless persons who are residents of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in either Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of the State concerned in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected.

3. The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.

4. Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article 11, or paragraph 6 of Article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.

5. Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.

6. The provisions of this Article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.

Artikel 24

1. Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of either Contracting State. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.

2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Agreement. Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time-limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States.

3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Agreement. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Agreement.

4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly, including through a joint commission consisting of themselves or their representatives, for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.

5.

If any difficulty or doubt arising as to the interpretation or application of the Agreement cannot be resolved by the competent authorities of the Contracting States in a mutual agreement procedure pursuant to the previous paragraphs of this Article within a period of three years after the question was raised, the case may, at the request of either Contracting State, be submitted for arbitration, but only after fully exhausting the procedures available under paragraphs 1 to 4 of this Article and provided the taxpayer or taxpayers involved agree in writing to be bound by the decision of the arbitration board.

The decision of the arbitration board in a particular case shall be binding on both Contracting States and the taxpayer or taxpayers involved with respect to that case.

Artikel 25

1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is foreseeably relevant for carrying out the provisions of this Agreement or to the administration or enforcement of the domestic laws concerning taxes of every kind and description imposed on behalf of the Contracting States, or of their political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Agreement. The exchange of information is not restricted by Articles 1 and 2.

2. Any information received under paragraph 1 by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, the determination of appeals in relation to the taxes referred to in paragraph 1, or the oversight of the above. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, information received by a Contracting State may be used for other purposes when such information may be used for such other purposes under the laws of both States and the competent authority of the supplying State authorises such use.

3.

In no case shall the provisions of the previous paragraphs be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:

a) a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State; b) b) to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State; c) c) to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).

4. If information is requested by a Contracting State in accordance with this Article, the other Contracting State shall use its information gathering measures to obtain the requested information, even though that other State may not need such information for its own tax purposes. The obligation contained in the preceding sentence is subject to the limitations of paragraph 3 but in no case shall such limitations be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because it has no domestic interest in such information.

5. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 3 be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because the information is held by a bank, other financial institution, nominee or person acting in an agency or a fiduciary capacity or because it relates to ownership interests in a person.

Artikel 26

Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.

Artikel 27

Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Agreement, a benefit under this Agreement shall not be granted in respect of an item of income if it is reasonable to conclude, having regard to all relevant facts and circumstances, that obtaining that benefit was one of the principal purposes of any arrangement or transaction that resulted directly or indirectly in that benefit, unless it is established that granting that benefit in these circumstances would be in accordance with the object and purpose of the relevant provisions of this Agreement.

Hoofdstuk V. FINAL PROVISIONS

Artikel 28

1. The Contracting States shall notify each other through diplomatic channels of the completion of the procedures required by their respective laws for the bringing into force of this Agreement.

2.

This Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the second month following the date of the receipt of the later of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article and its provisions shall have effect in both Contracting States:

a) a) in respect of taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited on or after the first day of January of the calendar year next following the calendar year of the entry into force of the Agreement; b) b) in respect of the other taxes for taxation years beginning on or after the first day of January of the calendar year next following the calendar year in which the Agreement entered into force.

3. The Contracting States may agree upon changes and additions to this Agreement. Any such changes and additions shall be drawn up by the Contracting States in an Amending Protocol which shall form an integral part of this Agreement and shall enter into force in accordance with the procedures described in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article.

Artikel 29

This Agreement shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Agreement, through diplomatic channels, by giving notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year following after the period of five years from the date on which the Agreement enters into force. In such event, the Agreement shall cease to have effect in both Contracting States:

a) a) in respect of taxes withheld at source, on income derived on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice is given; b) b) in respect of other taxes on income, for taxes chargeable for any tax year beginning on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice is given.